In a large skillet over medium heat, cook the ground beef or turkey until browned. Drain excess fat if necessary. Stir in chili powder, cumin, garlic powder, onion powder, salt, and pepper. Cook for an additional 2 minutes to combine flavors.
Add black beans, corn, and salsa to the skillet. Stir well and cook until heated through, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat and stir in cooked rice and half of the cheddar cheese.
In a small bowl, combine all the chipotle sauce ingredients and mix until smooth. Adjust salt to taste.
To assemble the burritos, lay a tortilla flat on a clean surface. Spoon about 1 cup of the filling mixture onto the center of the tortilla. Top with a dollop of sour cream, a sprinkle of cilantro, and a bit of the remaining cheddar cheese.
Fold the sides of the tortilla over the filling, then roll from the bottom up to form a burrito. Repeat with remaining tortillas and filling.
Optional: Heat a skillet over medium heat and place the burritos seam-side down. Cook for 2-3 minutes on each side until golden and crispy.
Serve the burritos warm, drizzled with chipotle sauce.